Kidney disease refers to any condition that affects the functioning of the kidneys, which are responsible for filtering waste products and excess fluids from blood. There are several types of kidney diseases including chronic kidney disease (CKD), acute kidney injury (AKI), glomerulonephritis, polycystic kidney disease, and nephrotic syndrome among others. Kidney diseases can be caused by various factors such as genetic disorders, infections, autoimmune conditions, or exposure to toxins. The severity of the condition varies from mild to severe, with chronic kidney disease being a progressive condition that requires ongoing management and treatment.